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How does poverty impact school life?

Attendance
Food
Pupil premium
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Top takeaways

The Child Poverty Action Group (CPAG) briefing Priced out of school highlights a connection between poverty and school attendance. Some young people are missing school because they don’t have the right uniform, kit, dinner money or train fare. Resources from Poverty Proofing© the School Day help us understand how being under-resourced can affect many different aspects of school life, including things which typically are deemed ‘fun’, like World Book Day or school trips. 

Connecting poverty and school attendance

We know that attendance is a major worry at the moment, with school attendance not returning to pre-pandemic levels. CPAG’s research with children and families demonstrates that: ‘not being able to afford uniforms, school supplies, trips and transport to school are key reasons why children are not attending their lessons’ (report page 1). What might start out as a day missed here and there can turn into persistent absence. 

CPAG talked directly to young people aged 11-18. They found that:

  • 16 per cent of 11–18-year-olds say that they have missed school at least once because they didn’t have something they needed to attend. 
  • This number increases significantly among children who qualify for free school meals, with more than 26% saying this has been the case.
  • 47% of all young people who missed school because they didn’t have what they needed said they did so because they did not have the correct uniform or kit.
  • 23% who didn’t have what they needed said they didn’t attend school because they didn’t have the money to pay for school meals, while 20% said difficulty affording a packed lunch had kept them off.
  • Children in receipt of free school meals were twice as likely to report being sent home from school for not having the right uniform or kit compared to those not eligible for free school meals. 

School uniforms

CPAG’s research into the cost of sending children to school shows that families are paying almost £450 a year for basic secondary school uniform, bags and PE kit. The government is introducing a limit on the number of compulsory branded uniform items schools can require in an effort to address this challenge. (For more on this, see Changes to school uniform policy.) Poverty Proofing© has a downloadable Affordable School Uniform Guide which provides useful suggestions for uniform review. 

School trips and activities: source of fun or stress? 

Sadly, CPAG found that school trips can be another driver of low attendance. 

  • 26% of young people said that having less money at home makes it harder to participate in school trips.
  • 27% of young people who have missed school because they don’t have what they need, say they were unable to because they didn’t have money for a school trip. (Page 5)

This means young people can feel left out and left behind – as well as missing out on the chance to have new experiences, learn in different ways, and go to places or try things they wouldn't normally be able to access. 

In the blog post The 'C' Word (Part 3), Sean Harris examines the role of trips in the curriculum, how things like gift shops can be a source of stress and division, and ways to manage trips in a more inclusive and accessible manner. 

He also draws attention to World Book Day as a potential source of stress for families, with demands for costumes, and gives the example of a primary school which instead bought plain white t-shirts for all pupils, and children ‘were invited to design their own book-themed tops based on a text they had read, linking literacy and comprehension with artistic expression’. 

Poverty Proofing© has a series of free resources to help heighten awareness and understanding around these issues. Their calendar of school events is particularly revealing, drawing attention to how events and activities in school can create problems for families who are struggling with resources. 

Areas for reflection and action

  • Has someone in your setting looked at your calendar of events through the lens of children and families who are struggling to make ends meet? Could ‘fun’ activities actually be a source of stress? Can you re-shape events or activities to remove barriers to participation? 
  • Do you think there are pupils in your setting who are missing school due to not having uniform, school dinner money or money for transport? What can be done to support these young people?
  • Do pupils in your setting get sent home for having incorrect uniform or kit? If so, does this disproportionately affect pupils on lower incomes?  
  • What’s the cost of school uniform in your setting? Has your uniform policy been reviewed with this in mind? Do you have resources such as a swap shop or uniform bank for families? 

Reading and resources

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